Ancient Egypt civilization
Ancient Egypt's history and civilization
Ancient Egypt's civilization was heavily influenced
by the Nile River and its importance to the region.
The Nile River was vital to the survival of the
Ancient Egyptians, as it provided nourishing
agricultural soil and served as a transportation
route [1]. Today, 95 percent of Egyptians live
within a few kilometers of the Nile, and canals
bring water from the Nile to irrigate farms and
support cities [2]. The Nile River is the longest
river in the world, stretching over 4,100 miles
long, and flows through many different African
countries [3]. The fertile land along the Nile River
was the most important thing it provided to the
Ancient Egyptians, as most of Egypt is desert, but
along the Nile River the soil is rich and fertile
[4]. The Nile River was the anchor to Egyptian
civilization, providing fertile soil for farming, a
source of food and transportation, and a vital
resource for the country's survival [5].
The history of Ancient Egypt is divided into three
periods known as the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms
[6]. The Old Kingdom was known as the "Age of
Pyramids," the Middle Kingdom was known as the
"Golden Age," and the New Kingdom was known as the
"Imperial Age" [7]. The first pharaoh of Egypt,
Menes, united the Upper and Lower Kingdoms and began
the ancient Egyptian civilization [8]. During the
Old Kingdom, pharaohs were buried in pyramids, which
were massive structures built as tombs for the
pharaohs and their consorts [9]. The Middle Kingdom
was a time of growth and cultural changes, including
a new capital city and the emergence of new art
forms [10]. The New Kingdom was marked by
significant military conquests and the construction
of impressive temples and monuments [7].
Ancient Egypt civilization
The pharaohs and rulers of Ancient Egypt played a
significant role in the country's history and
civilization. They were both the heads of state and
the religious leaders of their people [11]. The
pharaohs inherited the crown through the royal
bloodline and were regarded as both gods and
political figures [12]. They ruled both Upper and
Lower Egypt and were often thought of as one of the
gods [13]. The pharaohs were both religious and
political leaders, and only they could make
offerings to the gods [14]. The pharaohs of Ancient
Egypt were seen as the most powerful people in the
country, and were regarded as living representatives
of the gods [15].
Ancient Egypt's society and culture
Ancient Egypt's society was structured into a
hierarchical system with six classes, ranging from
the pharaoh at the top to slaves at the bottom [16].
The social classes were divided into the pharaoh,
government officials, nobles and priests, scribes
and soldiers, farmers, and slaves [17]. The society
was structured like a pyramid, with the pharaoh at
the top and the farmers and slaves at the bottom
[18]. The social class one belonged to determined
their job, status, and wealth. The pharaoh was
considered a god-king and had complete control over
the country, while farmers and slaves worked the
land and performed manual labor.
Ancient Egypt civilization
Religion and beliefs played a significant role in
ancient Egyptian society. Egyptians believed in over
2,000 gods and goddesses [19]. They believed that
the gods controlled the universe and that the dead
existed with the gods in the afterlife [20]. The
gods were divided into three types of sentient
beings: the holy gods, the deceased humans who exist
in the afterlife, and the living humans [21]. The
ancient Egyptians built temples and shrines to honor
the gods and performed daily rituals to ensure the
gods' favor. They also believed in the concept of
Ma'at, the goddess of truth and justice, which
emphasized the importance of balance and harmony in
all aspects of life [22].
Art, architecture, and literature were integral
parts of ancient Egyptian culture. Egyptian art and
architecture included monumental structures such as
the pyramids, temples, and tombs, as well as
smaller-scale works such as sculptures, paintings,
and jewelry [23]. Ancient Egyptian art and
architecture continue to inspire and influence
modern designers worldwide [24]. Egyptian literature
contained many artistic forms, such as hymns to the
gods, mythological, magical, wisdom, and mortuary
texts [25]. The art and literature of ancient Egypt
provide us with a glimpse into the beliefs, values,
and daily life of this fascinating civilization
[26].
Ancient Egypt's achievements and legacy
Ancient Egypt was home to many advancements in
science and medicine, which have had a lasting
impact on the world. The ancient Egyptians believed
in prayer as a solution to health problems, but they
also had natural remedies, such as herbs, and
practical remedies that were structured and
effective [27]. Ancient Egyptian medicine was so
advanced that it included effective wound care,
contraceptives, and accurate diagnoses [28].
Additionally, ancient Egyptian chemists excelled in
preparing and extracting drugs from mineral,
botanical, and animal substances [29]. Doctors were
considered priests of the Per-Ankh, the House, and
were highly respected for their knowledge of
medicine [30]. The ancient Egyptians' contributions
to medicine have had a significant impact on modern
medicine and continue to be studied and admired
today
Ancient Egypt civilization
The ancient Egyptians were also known for their
engineering and architecture marvels, which have
stood the test of time. The pyramids of Giza are the
most well-known example of ancient Egyptian
architecture, but the civilization's architecture
was actually quite diverse [31]. The architects of
the Old Kingdom created smooth-sided pyramids out of
limestone, which aligned with the sun to make it
easier for the pharaoh's soul to ascend to the
heavens [32]. Excavated temples, palaces, tombs, and
fortresses have also been discovered, showcasing the
ancient Egyptians' ingenuity and skill [33]. The
ancient Egyptians' engineering feats were equally
impressive, with pioneering engineers creating
structures that represented the power of the
pharaohs [34]. The ancient Egyptians' contributions
to engineering and architecture have had a lasting
impact on modern architecture and continue to
inspire architects and engineers today.
Ancient Egypt civilization
The ancient Egyptians' legacy extends beyond their
scientific and architectural achievements. Their
inventions and discoveries, such as writing and
math, have had a profound impact on the world [35].
The civilization's influence on modern culture and
society can be seen in everything from beauty
products to fashion [36]. Egypt was a vast kingdom
of the ancient world, and its unification around
3100 BCE led to its becoming a leading economic and
cultural influence throughout North Africa and the
Mediterranean [37]. The ancient Egyptians' legacy is
a valuable one that has changed the course of
history and led to the development of the modern
world [38].
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Ancient Egypt civilization
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